New England Colony, Colonial America (2023)

The New England Colonies in Colonial America: A Guide to Four of the Original 13 Colonies

The British colonies in America were divided into three regions.- Or England,Pretty much, It is in.The colonies of New England were:

1. Connecticut
2. Rhode Island
3. Massachusetts
4. New Hampshire

Fast facts on the New England colonies

Here are five important facts about the New England colonies.

1. Before Europeans settled in New England,The area was inhabited by various Native American tribesand bands including Abenaki, Micmac, Pennacook, Pequot, Mohegan, Nauset, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Waronoco, and Wampanoag.
2. People living in Europe decided to move to the New Worldwhere they thought they could build a better life. Although many of them aspired to freedom of religion, like many of thePilgrims who made the Mayflower VoyageSome were simply looking for a chance at a new life. Others sought fame, fortune, and fame.
3. Europeans from England, France, and the Netherlands ventured into New England and established settlements, butThe first permanent settlement was founded by pilgrims in Plymouth in 1620.
4. Some Indians, like Squanto and Massasoit, helped the pilgrimssurvive by teaching them to grow corn and fertilize the land with fish.
5. English colonies were established throughout New England, and theThe colonists developed a strong sense of independence..

Colonies in the New England region, including Plymouth and Maine

In 1775 when theAmerican Revolutionary Warbegan, there were four main colonies in New England. However, from 1607 to 1775 there were many different settlements that were actually colonies, includingnew portmisale, which eventually merged with larger colonies for economic reasons or to ward off attacks by the French or American Indians.

Connecticut

Connecticut was founded in 1636when a group of Puritans led byThomas Hure, left Massachusetts and established a settlement in present-day Hartford. Two years later, in 1638, another colony was established: New Haven Colony. In 1643 both colonies joined the New England Confederacy. Then, 1664,New Haven merged with Connecticut.

Connecticut wird als River Colony, Connecticut River Colony, Connecticut Colony, Connecticut Colony und Provincia de Connecticut bezeichnet.

Maine

The Maine Territory has been the site of several colonization efforts led byHerr Ferdinand Gorges🇧🇷 Gorges died in 1647 and his heirs eventually sold the area to Massachusetts. The first attempt to found a colony in New England was made in Maine. In 1607, Gorges and John Popham attempted to found Popham Colony, but it only lasted about a year.

Massachusetts

Massachusetts was founded in 1629 by Puritans under leadershipJohann Wintrop.They received a scholarship fromKönig Karl Iwhich allowed them to establish a colony in Massachusetts. Unlike many other colonies, however, the charter and the group that controlled it did not remain in England. The Puritans took the letter to Massachusetts to retain as much control over their colony as possible. In time Massachusetts and its Puritan foundations led to thisSalem Witch Trialsand the independent spirit that fueled the American Revolution.

Massachusetts is known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Province of Massachusetts Bay, the Massachusetts Colony and the Province of Massachusetts.

New Hampshire

New Hampshire Honorfounded by John Mason, who worked with Ferdinando Gorges on various attempts at establishing colonies in New England. The first permanent settlements in New Hampshire were established inPoint Odiorne— rye actually — yto have pointin 1623. From the time it was settled until after the American Revolutionary War, New Hampshire was embroiled in various disputes over its territory. The most famous is that between New Hampshire and New York in the New Hampshire Grants. Eventually, New Hampshire relinquished its claims to the grants, but the settlers who lived there carried throughEthan AllenIt is inGreen mountain boys- fought to defend their land and their rights to it. EITHERNew Hampshire Grantsalways ended the state ofVermont.

New Hampshire is known as the Province of New Hampshire and the Colony of New Hampshire.

Plymouth-Colonies

Plymouth Colony, also known as New Plymouth, was founded in 1620 on Cape Cod Bay in Massachusetts. It was the first colony established on the territory of the New England Colonies. It was founded by a group of colonists who sailed to the New World aboard the New Worldmay bloom🇧🇷 Most of the settlers werepuritan separatists,which are better known aspilgrim🇧🇷 They named their settlement after a town in England. In 1691 Plymouth merged with Massachusetts.

Colonia de Rhode Island

Rhode Island was founded byRoger Williams1636 when he and a group of settlers left Massachusetts and settledprovidential plantations🇧🇷 About a year later, another group came from Massachusetts who were supporters and supporters ofAnne Hutchinson, left Massachusetts and established a settlement at Portsmouth on Aquidneck Island. In the 1660s, Rhode Island settlements merged as theRhode Island and Providence Plantation Colony🇧🇷 Rhode Island was unique in that Williams was a firm believer in freedom of religion and the separation of church and state.

Rhode Island was named Providence Plantations, Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Colony of Rhode Island and Province of Rhode Island.

Type of colonies in colonial New England

The nature of the New England colonies was based on the type of government they had. There wasthree different types of colonies— Real, Proprietary and Corporate. Each colony received a charter, usually from the English monarch, allowing people to colonize a specific area and establish settlements.

• Connecticut- Colony letter
• Massachusetts— Charter Colony (later became a Royal Colony)
• New Hampshire- Colonia Real
• Rhode Island- Colony letter

Aroyal charterit meant that the colony was governed by a royal governor from the crown. in new england,New Hampshire was a royal colony.

Aproperty letterit meant that a person or family was given a territory and also gave them the right to rule the colony. There wasThere are no separate colonies in New England.

ANotarization of corporate or joint actionswas granted to a company. Colonies with a corporate charter are commonly known ascharter colonies🇧🇷 In New England,Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island were charter colonies🇧🇷 According to their statutes, they were given the freedom to govern themselves as long as their laws were based on English law at the time.

Government in the New England Colonies

The government of the New England colonies was established by charter. The Charter generally permitted agovernor, board of governors, a general assembly and a judicial system— all under English law.

At the local level, the government of each settlement was generally based on the Puritan religion. Men who attended church were considered citizens and entitled to serve in government. Rhode Island was the exception because it did not allow church officials to enforce public law.

The settlements in New England were governed by town assemblies.🇧🇷 Assemblies would be held, committees formed and decisions made based on referendums. Town assemblies were particularly effective in Massachusetts, and helped organize opposition to British policies during the American Revolution. When war became inevitable, the community assemblies helped create theCorrespondence Committees,state governments,and the systemexpress driverincluding men likePablo Revere.

Religion in the New England Colonies

Religion in the New England colonies was based primarily on the beliefs and practices of the Puritans, who left England for the New World to practice their religion as they saw fit.They wanted to end the fighting between Protestants and Catholics in Europe. Although part of the Church of England, the Puritans were concerned that the Church was becoming too like the Roman Catholic Church and wanted to "purify" it. Within the Puritans there was an even more radical group, the Separatists, who wanted to break away completely from the Church of England and base their worship solely on Scriptural teaching. The founders of Plymouth Colony were Separatists, and the founders of Massachusetts were Puritans.

Both groups came to the New World in search of religious freedom, but would not tolerate views that disagreed with them. Both Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were banned from Massachusetts because they differed from the Puritan leaders. Williams founded Providence Plantations and the government allowed freedom of religion and the separation of church and state, two important principles enshrined in the United States Constitution.

Over time it became clear that the colonies needed to have a certain tolerance towards other religions. They had to do business with each other and help each other defend themselves against attacks from the French and Indian tribes on the frontier.

The first settlements in each colony were based on some form of Puritanism, with the exception of Rhode Island, which tolerated all religions.

Economy of the New England Colonies

The economy of the New England colonies was centered on fishing, whaling, timber, subsistence farming, and the production of rum, whiskey, and beer.The geography and climate of the Northeast were not conducive to large-scale agriculture, but its proximity to the sea allowed shipbuilding and merchant shipping to thrive.

The New England economy became dependent on shipbuilding, logging from forests, and deep-sea fishing off the coast. Products made by New Englanders, particularly ships, timber, and rum, were important to the triangular trade and helped strengthen England's trading system. Dependence on manufacturing led to the establishment of large settlements that developed into cities.

The New England colonies traded lamp oil and other commodities with the central and southern colonies, primarily for agricultural produce that could not be grown in the New England climate. Food and supplies had to be shipped to major ports like Boston and then transported to settlements and towns in the colonies.

Trading system in New England

ÖTrading systemin new englandIt forced the colonies to act as a source of raw materials for England and a market for British merchants to sell finished goods. For England, later Great Britain, the colonies only existed for the benefit of the mother country.

Healthy abandonment in New England

healthy neglectin new englandallowed traders to circumvent navigation laws. This has led to an increase in smuggling and bribery. The merchants knew they were breaking the law, but also believed they were doing smart business. Healthy neglect allowed merchants to thrive, but it also bolstered their independent spirit.

Triangle trade in New England

Triangle trade in New Englandit contributed to the wealth of New England merchants and the slave trade in the British Empire. New England traders traded rum with West Africa for slaves, and then the slaves with the West Indies for molasses, which was used to make rum.

Colonial Geography of New England

The geography of the New England colonies was characterized by a rocky coastline that stretched to the mainland, where the land was covered with rocks and dense, dense forests.

Colonial climate in New England

The climate of the New England colonies was the coldest of the three regions. Because of this, the summers were short and mild. It shortened the growing season of crops and caused harsh winters.

New England Timeline - Important Dates in Colonial New England

This timeline provides an overview of the history of the New England colonies and includes some, but not all, of the important dates of New England colonial history.

1602

English corsairBartolomeu Gosnoldleads an expedition to Cape Cod. He finds an island and names it "Martha's Vineyard". His expedition decides to return to England for lack of supplies. Gosnold returns to the New World in 1607 and helps found Jamestown.

1603

König Jakob Ibecomes king of England. He's alsoKing James VIfrom Scotland. His accession to the throne in England unites the two kingdoms.

captainMartin Pringleads an expedition exploring present-day Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts. He becomes the first European on the Piscataqua River. He built the first English fort in Cape Code.

1606

Two corporations are incorporated and receive royal charters from King James I. The charters grant the corporations permission to establish colonies in North America.

ÖVirginia Company aus Londonit was granted by the 34th parallel - Cape Fear - and the 41st parallel - Long Island Sound.

ÖPlymouth-Virginia-GesellschaftIt was awarded by the 38th parallel - Potomac River - and the 45th parallel - St. John.

The two companies divided the area between the 38th parallel and the 41st parallel.

The first leader of the Plymouth Company wasHerr Ferdinand Gorgesand received permission to establish colonies in North America.

1607

In May, Bartholemew Gosnold and his cousin...Captain John Smith— Lead an expedition for the London Company and found Jamestown.

In August, the Plymouth Company performedJörg Popham, founded the colony of SagadahocPopham-Colonies.

1608

Popham Colony is abandoned and the Plymouth Company dissolved.

1609

ÖSecond Virginia Charterexpands the territory of the London Company. Includes the territory of the former Plymouth Company and establishes theDeployment "Sea to Sea",which meant the territory stretched from the east coast to the west coast.

1614

John Smith explores and maps the coasts of Connecticut, Massachusetts and Maine.He calls the area "New England".

kleinand other men from the town of Patuxet are kidnapped byCaptain Thomas Huntand taken to Europe to be sold as slaves. Squanto managed to escape and he traveled to Spain and England. He learned English and returned to New England.

1619

Squanto returns to Massachusetts.

1620

The Plymouth Company beleben as thePlymouth Council for New England.

King James I grants the Plymouth Council a royal charter and permission to establish settlements in New England.

The Mayflower sails to the New World.Among the passengers are pilgrims who are permitted to settle in Virginia. However, the ship veers off course during the voyage and docks in Cape Cod. The passengers decide to settle there and found the colony of Plymouth. You write thecompact may flower, which defined the basic laws and social norms of the new colony.

1622

New England Plymouth Council grants land to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason. The area lies between the Merrimack River and the Kennebec River, which includes parts of present-day New Hampshire and Maine.Gorges was the first to name the territory "Maine".

1623

Captain Christopher Levettreceives grants from Plymouth Council to establish colonies in New England. Levett's first settlement was York Colony on the site of present-day Portland, Maine, but was abandoned by settlers. Her second settlement was at the mouth of the Piscataqua River, Kittery, and she was successful. A second settlement in York on the York River also survives. Kittery and York were the first permanent English settlements in Maine.

1625

Charles I becomes king of England, Scotland and Ireland.He works with Archbishop William Laud to remove nonconformists from the Church of England, the largest group of which are the Puritans.

1626

Salem is founded by Roger Conantand a group of settlers from Cape Ann.

1628

ÖMassachusetts Bay Companyreceives a royal charter from Charles I establishing a colony in North America on the territory of the New England Plymouth Council. The letter was written so the Massachusetts Bay Company would control the colony.

1629

On March 2, Carlos I dissolved Parliament and the"11 Years of Tyranny"Begins Over the next 11 years some 80,000 Puritans left England.

Gorges and Mason split their donations on the Piscataqua River. Mason has land west of the river that becomes theProvince of New Hampshire.

1630

In April the first ships in theFrota Winthropleft Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, for Massachusetts. They arrived in Salem on June 13, 1630.

The Massachusetts colonial government is organized, and the court is in Charlestown. The first three counties of Massachusetts are established: Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex.

1634

Massachusetts begins annexing lands in Maine originally granted to Gorges and Levett. Massachusetts leaders believe they have a right to the land because it matches their giving.

1635

Roger Williams is banned from Massachusetts

1636

Roger Williams buys land from the Narragansett Indians and establishes Providence Plantations.

Thomas Hooker leads a group of Puritans and founds Hartford.

The Pequot War begins.

1637

Anne Hutchinson is banished from Massachusetts.

1638

Hutchinson and others found Portsmouth, Rhode Island.

King Charles I puts Sir Ferdinando Gorges in charge of Massachusetts.However, the ship carrying the document confirming the transfer of power and bearing the king's seal sinks in the Atlantic en route to Boston. Since the document never arrives, Massachusetts leaders ignore it.

1638

Colony of New Haven established.

The Pequot War ends.

1639

ÖBasic Order of ConnecticutThey are adopted by the freemen of Hartford, Wethersfield and Windsor.

1640

Parliament is restoredand is dominated by Puritans.

1642

ÖThe English Civil War beginsand supporters of Parliament - Roundheads - go to war with supporters of the King - Royalists.

1643

Plymouth, Connecticut, New Haven und Massachusetts bilden die United Colonies of New England.Confederacy of New England- to help coordinate defenses against attacks by Native American tribes, French and Dutch.

1645

King Carlos I is captured. England is governed by Parliament.

1649

King Carlos I is tried for treason, convicted and executed.

1651

Oliver Cromwellhe defeats Prince Charles and Charles flees to France.

The Commonwealth of England begins.Cromwell is Lord Protectorate of the Commonwealth of England and the Puritans control Parliament.

Parliament agreesNavigation Act of 1651🇧🇷 Prohibit Dutch ships from transporting goods from the American colonies to England. Colonial merchants are forced to ship their goods to England on English ships.

1656

The first Quakers land in Boston Harbor in New England. Mary Fisher and Ann Austin are arrested immediately.

1658

Cities in Maine vote to join Massachusetts.

Oliver Cromwell is different.

1659

Mary Dyer is convicted and hanged by Salem Church Court for the crime of being a Quaker.

1660

England asks Prince Charles to return. EITHERStuart restorationsees him as King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland.

ÖNavigation Act of 1660is over. Identifies "listed goods" which can only be shipped to England. The items are tobacco, sugar, rice, cotton, ginger and dyes like indigo.

1661

King Charles II orders Massachusetts to stop the hanging of Quakers.

1663

Parliament agreesNavigation Act of 1663Also known as the stacking law.

1665

Merger of New Haven and Connecticut.

1673

Öplantation tax lawis authorized to reduce smuggling of tobacco and other listed products. Forbids colonial merchants from trading directly with foreign nations.

1675

King Carlos II founds theLords of commerce and plantations.

King Philip's war begins.

1678

End of King Philip's War.

1685

King Carlos II dies. He is succeeded by his Catholic brother King Jaime II.

1686

ÖDominion of New England founded🇧🇷 Unites Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and New Hampshire under one governor:Herr. Edmund Andros🇧🇷 King James II created the Dominion to have more control over New England. Andros begins applying the laws of navigation.

1687

Connecticut hides its charter from Governor Andros in an oak tree known as"Oak Letter".

1688

Öglorious revolution, also known as the "Revolution of 1688". King James II is deposed and his daughter Mary is named heir to the throne. Maria is a Protestant and her husband is William of Orange, ruler of the Netherlands. William is also a Protestant. Parliament urges William and Mary to rule together.

1689

As part of the agreement to allow their joint rule,William and MarycorrespondingEnglish Bill of Rights🇧🇷 The document outlined the rules of succession, gave more power to Parliament and defined the fundamental liberties of English subjects.

ÖGreat Boston Rebellion of 1689it happens when news of the glorious revolution arrives. Governor Andros and other government officials were arrested and imprisoned. vote for residents of MassachusettsSimon Bradstreetas governor and apply the old statute.

1691

Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth Colony merge into theMassachusetts Bay Province🇧🇷 Maine is starting to be referred to as that"Maine Neighborhood".

1692

The Salem witch trials take place.

1696

King William III. founds theTrade and Plantation Commissionersas the permanent legislative body to oversee the colonies. It is also known asChamber of Commerce and Plantations, or simply as theboard of directors.

The Shipping Act of 1696 is passed, requiring ships to register with Customs officials. It gives officials in the colonies the same authority as those in England and sets up more admiralty courts to help enforce laws and collect duties.

1699

ÖWool lawPassports, forcing all wool and wool products in the United States to be sent to England.

1707

Öact of unityIt is approved by the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. He justifies theUnited Kingdom of Great Britain.

1714

Queen Anne dies🇧🇷 You follow King George I who approved the creation of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.

1718

FirstUlster Scots– Scots-Irish immigrants – arrive in New England at Boston Harbor. They are important because they settled on the western border of New England.

1720

At that time, the religious revival was known as"The great Awakening"begins

1721

Robert Walpolebecomes the first Prime Minister of Great Britain.

1732

ÖHutgesetzapproved, limiting the number of hats American manufacturers can produce.

ÖDebt Collection Actpassed giving creditors the power to seize property (land and belongings) from people who default on their loans. The Debt Collection Actregards enslaved people as property, not just in colonial America, but throughout the British Empire. Before the Debt Collection Act, enslaved people were not used as a means of paying off debt.

1733

In an effort to protect plantations in the British West Indies, Parliament passes theNavigation Act of 1773, also known as the Molasses Act, which levies taxes on molasses. The new taxes have angered American merchants, particularly in New England, who fear they could do significant harm to the rum industry. Dealers trade withmolasses lawBritish customs officials bribed and smuggling increased to avoid higher taxes.

1750

Öiron lawapproved prohibiting the manufacture of finished iron products in the colonies.

1754

ÖFranco-Indian Warbegins unofficially when an expedition is conductedGeorge Washingtonattacks a French contingent near present-day Hopwood and Uniontown in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.

• Written bymoho randal